Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 3

Exercise 35: Passive Voice

question :

1.      Somebody calls the president everyday

2.      John is calling the other members

3.      Somebody will call Mr Walson tonight

4.      The fire has caused considerate damage 

5.      The teacher should buy the supplies for this class

answer :

1.      The President was called by somebody everyday

2.      The other members is being called by John

3.      Mr. Walson will be called by somebody tonight

4.      Considerate damage has been caused by the fire

5.      The supplies should be bought by the teacher for this class

Exercise 36 Causative Verb

1.       The Teacher made juan to leave the room.

2.      Toshiko had her car repair by a mechanic.

3.      Ellen got Marvin typed her paper.

4.      I made jane call her friend on the telephone.

5.      we got our house painted last week.

6.      Dr Byrd is having the students write a composition.

7.      The Policemen made the suspect lie on the ground.

8.      Mark got his transcript sent to the university.

9.      Maria is getting her hair to cut tomorrow.

10.  We will have to get the Dean to sign this form.

11.  The teacher let Al leave the classroom.

12.  Maria got Ed washed the pippets.

13.  She always has her car fixed by the same mechanic.

14.  Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher.

15.  We have to help janet to find her keys.

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. 

Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi.

Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen			Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject	be	PP
I	am	paid	I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe	is	used	The red velvet recipe is used by many people. (Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes	are	washed	All of my shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
large amounts of meat and milk	are	consumed	Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries. (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book	was	edited	The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books	were	edited	The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

Contoh:

• I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
• The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.

Bentuk dari Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah : TO BE / BE + VERB 3

Dalam bentuk kalimat pasif, biasanya diikuti dengan frase “by”.

Contoh Passive Voice (Kalimat Passive)

ACTIVE:         Jane helps Tina. (Artinya: Jane menolong Tina)

PASSIVE:       Tina is helped by Jane. (Artinya: Tina ditolong oleh Jane)

Pada kalimat pasif, Object dari kalimat aktif (Tina) berubah menjadi Subject.

Merubah Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) ke dalam bentuk Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)

Tenses	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Simple Present	Jane helps Tina.	Tina is helped by Jane.
Present Progressive	Jane is helping Tina.	Tina is being helped by Jane.
Present Perfect	Jane has helped Tina.	Tina has been helped by Jane.
Simple Past	Jane helped Tina.	Tina was helped by Jane.
Past Progressive	Jane was helping Tina.	Tina was being helped by Jane.
Past Perfect	Jane had helped Tina.	Tina had been helped by Jane.
Simple Future	Jane will help Tina.	Tina will be helped by Jane.
To Be Going To	Jane is going to help Tina.	Tina is going to be helped by Jane.
Future Perfect	Jane will have helped Tina.	Tina will have been helped by Jane.

(Bentuk Progressive/ Continuous dari Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future, dan Future Perfect sangat jarang digunakan dalam bentuk kalimat pasif)

Object Tak Langsung Sebagai Subject Pasif

Contoh:

ACTIVE:         Someone gave Mrs. Grim an award.

PASSIVE:       Mrs. Grim was given an award by someone.

ACTIVE:         Someone gave an award to Mrs. Grim.

PASSIVE:       An award was given to Mrs. Grim.

Direct Object (Object Langsung)         : Sesuatu. Indirect Object (Object tak langsung): Yang menerima sesuatu. Contoh 4 kalimat di atas semuanya mempunyai makna yang sama. Mrs. Grim: sebagai object tak langsung (Indirect Object), dan an award: sebagai object langsung (Direct Object). Baik Object langsung  ataupun Object tak langsung bisa menjadi Subject dalam bentuk kalimat pasif. CATATAN: Ketika object langsung menjadi subject, frase “to” biasanya digunakan didepan atau sebelum object tak langsung (lihat contoh kalimat ke 4).

 
sumber :
- http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice
- http://bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/2012/12/passive-voice-kalimat-pasif.html

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis (connectors artikel)#2

Sentence Connectors and Sentences - Showing Cause / Effect

By Kenneth Beare

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Sentence connectors are words and phrases that connect sentences to help with understanding. Sentence connectors are also known as linking language. This linking language can be used to order what you have to say, show opposition, provide clarification and so on. In many grammar books, you will find information about sentence connectors when reading about subordinating conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions and so on.

Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want to express yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to express relationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors will add sophistication to your writing style.

Type of Connector	Connector(s)	Examples
Coordinating conjunctions	for (cause), so (effect)	Professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient, for their positions are at times rather stressful.
Subordinating conjunctions	because, since	Since high level positions are at times rather stressful, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.
Conjunctive adverbs	therefore, as a result, consequently	High level positions are at times rather stressful; therefore, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.
Prepositions	because of, due to, as a result of	Due to the stressful nature of high level positions, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.

EXERCISE 33: BECAUSE/BECAUSE OF

1.       It was difficult to deliver thr letter because the sender had written the wrong  address on the envelope.

2.       We decided  to leave early because the party was boring.

3.       Rescue attemps were temporarily  halted  because of the bad weather.

4.       They visited their friends often because they enjiyed their company

5.       Paul cannot go to the football game because of his grades

6.       Marcella was awarded a scholarship because of her superior scholastic ability

7.       Nobody ventured outdoors because of the huricane warnings

8.       We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains because the air purer there

9.       The chickens have died because of the intense beat

EXERCISE 34 : SO/SUCH

1.       The sun shone so brightly that maria had to put on her sunglasses

2.       Dean was such a powerful swimmer that he always won the races.

3.       There were so few student registered that the class was cancelled

4.       We had so wonderful memories of that place we decided to return

5.       We had so good a time at the party that we hated to leave

6.       The benefits was so great a succes that the promotors decided to repeat it

7.       It was such a nice day that we decided to go to the beach

8.       Jane looked so sick that the nurse told her to go home

9.       Those were so difficult assignments that we spent two weeks finishing them

10.   Ray called at such an early hour that we werent awake yet

11.   The book looked so interesting that he decided to read it

12.   He worked so carefully that it took him a long time to complete the p[roject

13.   We stayed in the sun for such a long time that we became sunburned

14.   There were so many people on the bus that we decided to walk

15.   The program was so interesting that nobody wanted to miss it